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Video Presentations on Stroke and the Metabolic Syndrome

Scholarly Articles on Stroke and the Metabolic Syndrome

Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components With Risk of Stroke Recurrence and MortalityObjective Because metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and the relationship between metabolic syndrome (including its components) and the prognosis of stroke is controversial, this study was conducted to evaluate whether metabolic syndrome is associated with a high recurrence and mortality of stroke. Methods This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020177118). We searched for relevant observational cohort studies published from inception to April 23, 2020, using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects model. The primary and secondary outcomes were stroke recurrence and all-cause mortality, respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses and nonparametric trim-and-fill method were used to identify the stability of the results. Results Thirteen cohort studies comprising 59,919 participants >60 years of age were included for analysis. Overall, metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with stroke recurrence (relative risk [RR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.07–1.97, p = 0.02). Among the metabolic syndrome components, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11–1.57, p = 0.002) and ≥2 metabolic syndrome components (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.44–1.94, p < 0.001) significantly predicted stroke recurrence, whereas elevated triglycerides, elevated waist circumference, hyperglycemia, and hypertension failed to account for risk factors for stroke recurrence. Moreover, metabolic syndrome, not its components, was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18–1.36, p < 0.001). The stability of these results was further confirmed by the leave-one-out sensitivity analyses and nonparametric trim-and-fill method. Conclusions The present study indicates that metabolic syndrome and some of its components (low HDL-C and number of metabolic syndrome components) seem to be risk factors for stroke recurrence. Although metabolic syndrome is also associated with all-cause mortality, the role of its components in predicting all-cause mortality deserves further study. CI= : confidence interval; HDL-C= : high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHANES= : National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NOS= : Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; PRISMA= : Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis; RR= : relative risk
Prevalence and predictors of stroke among individuals with prediabetes and diabetes in Florida - BMC Public HealthBackground The prevalence of both prediabetes and diabetes have been increasing in Florida. These increasing trends will likely result in increases of stroke burden since both conditions are major risk factors of stroke. However, not much is known about the prevalence and predictors of stroke among adults with prediabetes and diabetes and yet this information is critical for guiding health programs aimed at reducing stroke burden. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and identify predictors of stroke among persons with either prediabetes or diabetes in Florida. Methods The 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data were obtained from the Florida Department of Health and used for the study. Weighted prevalence estimates of stroke and potential predictor variables as well as their 95% confidence intervals were computed for adults with prediabetes and diabetes. A conceptual model of predictors of stroke among adults with prediabetes and diabetes was constructed to guide statistical model building. Two multivariable logistic models were built to investigate predictors of stroke among adults with prediabetes and diabetes. Results The prevalence of stroke among respondents with prediabetes and diabetes were 7.8% and 11.2%, respectively. The odds of stroke were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher among respondents with prediabetes that were ≥ 45 years old (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.74, 10.69), had hypertension (OR = 5.86; CI = 2.90, 11.84) and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 3.93; CI = 1.84, 8.40). On the other hand, the odds of stroke among respondents with diabetes were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher if respondents were non-Hispanic Black (OR = 1.79; CI = 1.01, 3.19), hypertensive (OR = 3.56; CI = 1.87, 6.78) and had depression (OR = 2.02; CI = 1.14, 3.59). Conclusions Stroke prevalence in Florida is higher among adults with prediabetes and diabetes than the general population of the state. There is evidence of differences in the importance of predictors of stroke among populations with prediabetes and those with diabetes. These findings are useful for guiding health programs geared towards reducing stroke burden among populations with prediabetes and diabetes.
Metabolic syndrome and the short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke: a hospital-based retrospective study - Lipids in Health and DiseaseBackground Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor for cerebral ischemic stroke, yet previous studies on the relationship between MetS or its components and acute cerebral infarction have been inconsistent. This study aims to evaluate the effects of MetS and its components on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Subjects with ischemic stroke of <7-day duration (530 cases) were enrolled. MetS was defined based on the modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Demographic data, vascular risk factors, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, the results of physical, laboratory and imaging examinations and clinical outcomes at 30 and 90 days were recorded. Using univariate analysis, we compared different baseline characteristics between patients with MetS and those without MetS. Further, we assessed MetS and its 5 components on the contribution to short-term prognosis of ischemic stroke with multiple logistic regression models after adjusting for age and sex. Results The prevalence of MetS among the patients with acute ischemic stroke in the study is 58.3 %, with more in females (70.3 %) than in males (49.7 %, p < 0.001). As expected, among the MetS components, elevated waist circumference, elevated triglyceride, high fasting blood glucose and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly more prevalent in patients with MetS than those without MetS (all p < 0.001). There was no correlation between MetS itself and the short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Only hyperglycemia in the serum was shown to have impact on poor functional outcomes in 30 and 90 days after the onset of stroke. Conclusions The occurrence of MetS among patients with acute ischemic stroke in our study is 58.3 %. MetS itself may not be predictive for the short-term prognosis of patients, while hyperglycemia is a significant predictor for poor functional outcomes in our study.
Frequency and Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in KarachiIntroduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and dyslipidemia. It is well known that MetS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse events. Each of its components is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but data on the association with ischemic stroke are scarce. At the international level, a significant body of research has been conducted on this issue, but the situation is very different in Pakistan. Very little data are present on the subject matter. This study is an endeavor in this direction, generating data, that can be used in early identification and developing treatment services for patients with ischemic stroke having MetS. Aims To determine the frequency of MetS in ischemic stroke patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods This six-month observational and cross-sectional study was conducted at Medical Unit I, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre from July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke were enrolled. Detailed history, physical examination, and biochemical measurements were noted. The presence of MetS was defined in accordance with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Results A total of 224 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were inducted into this study. The mean age of presentation was 61.04 ± 14.72 years, and more than two-thirds of the patients were ≥60 years of age. A total of 150 (66.96%) patients with ischemic stroke also had MetS. The male-to-female ratio in this group was 2:1. The most common variables constituting the MetS were truncal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The median MetS score was 3. Conclusions MetS is highly prevalent in patients presenting with ischemic stroke irrespective of age or gender. The three most deranged and common components of MetS in these patients are truncal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
Effect of pre-diabetes on future risk of stroke: meta-analysisObjectives To assess the association between pre-diabetes and risk of stroke, and to evaluate whether this relation varies by diagnostic criteria for pre-diabetes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Data sources A search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (1947 to 16 July 2011) was supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key retrieved articles and relevant reviews. Selection criteria Prospective cohort studies that reported multivariate adjusted relative risks and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for stroke with respect to baseline pre-diabetes were included. Data extraction Two independent reviewers extracted data on pre-diabetes status at baseline, risk estimates of stroke, study quality, and methods used to assess pre-diabetes and stroke. Relative risks were pooled using random effects models when appropriate. Associations were tested in subgroups representing different characteristics of participants and studies. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots. Results The search yielded 15 prospective cohort studies including 760 925 participants. In 8 studies analysing pre-diabetes defined as fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L), the random effects summary estimate did not show an increased risk of stroke after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.23; P=0.26). In 5 studies analysing pre-diabetes defined as fasting glucose 110-125 mg/dL (6.1-6.9 mmol/L), the random effects summary estimate showed an increased risk of stroke after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (1.21, 1.02 to 1.44; P=0.03). In 8 studies with information about impaired glucose tolerance or combined impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose, the random effects summary estimate showed an increased risk of stroke after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (1.26, 1.10 to 1.43; P<0.001). When studies that might have enrolled patients with undiagnosed diabetes were excluded, only impaired glucose tolerance or a combination of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance independently raised the future risk of stroke (1.20, 1.07 to 1.35; P=0.002). Conclusion Pre-diabetes, defined as impaired glucose tolerance or a combination of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, may be associated with a higher future risk of stroke, but the relative risks are modest and may reflect underlying confounding.